Episode Text: Cardiolipin (CL), also known as diphosphatidyglycerol, is localized and synthesized exclusively in the mitochondria. This glycerophospholipid was first characterized by Mary Pangborn and McFarlane in 1941. Presently, CL is considered a potential therapeutic target for several neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Recent developments in the field of lipidomics indicate that the ratio of monolysocardiolipin-to-native CL is a valuable biomarker for diagnosing NDDs such as Barth Syndrome (BTHS). In this review, the role of lipidomics in understanding the function of CL in NDDs is reviewed. -- Link: https://www.cambridge.org/engage/coe/article-details/645963ca1ca6101a450119f0