Episode 238 - How Diet Fixes More Than You Could Possibly Imagine And Vice-versa

Gut Immune Body Brain Axis.Dr Gundry:Leaky Gut, gut microbiome and dietRenowned Cardiovascular Surgeon who realised that all he was doing was treating thesymptoms so he studied the underlying causes.The lining of the gut is one cell thickAs bacteria break down the gut that is when ageing startsIbuprofen or roundup disastrous the bacteria populationSkin is a mirror of the lining of the gutJoints do not naturally wear out.Animal model C Elegans as bacteria begin to break down the wall of the gut that is whenageing starts105 year old people have a diverse set of bugs identical to a healthy 30 year old. It is notattacking the wall of the gut.Ecermansia musinophilia. Lives in the mucous layer whose job is to trap lectins plantproteins looking for sugar molecules and to protect the wall of the gut from harmful bacteria.Ecermansia musinophilia eats mucus which in turn makes more mucus.Metformin works by increasing mucous and this change in bacteria makes some peoplehave mild diarrhoea as the bacteria change.If we damage this lining eg ibuprofen or food with roundup destroys the bacteria populationand gut lining.Glyocosade an antibacterial damages Ecermansia Musinophilia even though it does notdirectly affect human cells.Antibiotics in food or direct prescription eg ladies who take low dose for UTI have a higherincidence of heart disease.Heart disease is an autoimmune disease starting in the gut.Cholesterol is an innocent bystander which gets sucked into the inflamed wall of a bloodvessel.Infants with heart transplants have coronary artery disease with pathology identical withtypical coronary artery disease.Lectins which are a foreign protein which can stick to sugar molecules on the surface ofblood vessels are the cause of atherosclerosis and removing lectins reduces those markers.Lectins are one of the plant defence systems. Sticky proteins that look for specific sugarmolecules to stick to which insights an inflammtory response.Joints do not normally wear out. Usually you can find bacterial particles in the joint fluid ofarthritisBecauseLectins broke down the wall of the gut. 65% of the immune system is behind the wall of thegut because the gut is where the outside word gets through. A reason why we store fat inthe gut is to provide energy to the immune system. Similarly fat on the outside ofatherosclerotcic blood vessles correlates with the severity of inflammation.Fat is not the cause . It is there because of the inflammation and the inflammation is theredue to the leaky gut.The immune system responds to antigens on bacteria of viruses. Lectins have antigens withcross reactivity with other proteins in the body. Eg thyroid.Nightshade vegetables or peanutsLectins disrupt the microbiome and break up the lining of the gut allowing entry by lectinsand by bacteria or bacterial particles.Hence if you inject a bacterial lipopolysaccharide into a person you can induce septic shock.Alzheimers Parkinsons is neuroinflammation.Most amyloid is produced by bacteria in the gut. Therefore 40 billion dollars invested inantiamyloid drugs has been a waste because amyloid is produced by the amyloid producingbacteria inthe gut fet by western diet. Then the amyloid has to get through the wall of the gut.Once they get through the gut wall and goto the brain it will produce more amyloid.Cholesterol and amyloid coexist in dementia in those with the apoE gene.The apo E gene codes for a carrier molecule because it is less efficient at transportingcholesterol. It cannot get out of the cell after it has been attracted by inflammation.Faecal microbial transplant:1970s broad spectrum antibiotics came out which made it much quicker to treat infectionsbut it also wiped out the gut bacteria. Normally 10000 species of bacteria.Pseudomembranous colitis was caused by Clostridium Difficile over growing. Initial studydone from the faeces of medical students.Faecal enemas treated the pseudomembranous colitis.Meat with animals treated by antibiotics can also cause problems.60% of faeces is bacteriaOral microbiome and cloud of bacteria around us –Holobiome . This defines our personalspace.Kissing is a human and ape characteristic. Exchanging oral microbiome. Bacteria decidewhether the other person's bacteria are compatible with them.Women have a gut feeling because they are more capable of listening to their microbiome. We inherit our microbiome from our mother. All of the mitochondria are involved with bacteriainherited from our mother. Bacteria communicate to their ‘sisters ’ie the body’s mitochondria.Autism: kids have a different microbiome than ‘normal’The placental microbiome is important in educating the foetal immune system.Oral faecal transplants for 6 weeks in autistic kids. Almost immediately 50% autismsymptoms reduced.Ecermansia like tubers, mushrooms, -study in Asia find 90% reduction in Alzheimers withtwo cups of mushrooms a week.Inulin containing compounds eg chicory, radicchio, jerusalem artichoke.Exercise women who exercise routinely from midlife have a 90% reduction in Alzheimers. Inthose who get AD it happens 11 years later. Housework can be important part of exercise.Meditation and yoga also changes the gut microbiome.Lymph system in the brain in deep sleep -early in the sleep cycle-shrinks by 20% and thesebad proteins are squeezed out. You need a 3-4 hour window between sleep and dinnerbecause blood flow diverts to the gut.Olive oil /walnuts / mediterranean low fat diet: first two groups improved memory after 5years. 3rd group lost memoryThose with CVD had a 30% reduction in events, the low fat group continued CVS events.Polyphenos in olive oil grow proteinsTMAO is made by gut bacteria primarily from animal protein especially choline eg egg yolkand carnitine . TMAO damages blood vessels. Polyphenols in certain olive oil and red winebalsamic vinegar that paralyse enzyme systems in the bacteria so they do not make TMAO.However the logical error here is that eggs which are high in choline are not associated withincreased morbidity.Vitamin D at least 5000 units a day . Almost all cancer patietns and autoimmune pateitnshave low vitamin D. HIgher your VItamin D the longer your telomere. Stem cells in the gutare simulated by vitamin D.VItamin CLectins are present in most plant foods but especially high in:legumes, such as beans, lentils, peas, soybeans, and peanutsnightshade vegetables, such as tomatoes and eggplantdairy products, including milkgrains, such as barley, quinoa, and riceThe Roll of Inflammation in Depression and FatigueFrontiers In Immunology:CH Lee 2019:Immune system link to depression first noticed with immunotherapy eg INFa (which activates an inflammatory antiviral response) for Hepatitis C : associated with raised proinflammatory cytokines and depression and fatigue.20% of patients treated with INFa developed depression which resolved on discontinuationbut also increased the risk of depression in future.Also people with higher IL6 aged 9 were more likely to have depression aged 18 in a dosedependent manner.Innate immune system seems to be lower in depression eg NK cells and also less antiinflammatory regulatory T cells whereas inflammatory monocytes are activated.There is commonality in immune activation from autoimmune disorder such as multiplesclerosis or immune reactions in sepsis.Antidepressants reduce inflammation while a higher baseline level of inflammation predicts apoorer treatment response.People with depression have been shown to have higher inflammatory markers which canbe used to predict treatment efficacy and future recurrences of depression.Elevated inflammatory markets eg TNFa after an MI disrupt the blood brain barrier causingdepression.Inflammatory changes in the brain with raised TNFa in the hippocampus and striatumprecede development of depressive symptoms.Neurogenesis is inhibited by the kynurenine pathway which is rescued by both inhibitors ofthis pathway and traditional antidepressants.TNFa also increases glutamate release causing exocytotic damage to surroundingsneurones.Conditions associated with chronic immune activation such as asthma, atopy, diabetes mMS, RhA, SLE are all associated with raised levels of depression eg 36% of asthma havedepression who also had higher TNFa than those who were not depressed. 75% in RhAMS up to 50% risk of depression.Acute inflammation with sepsis also causes depression and raises the risk of depression infuture which in animal models can be reduced by using steroid during the acute sepsis.Antidepressants reduce inflammatory markers perhaps SNRI more effective than SSRI andalso ECT adds in return to normal of NK activity.Directly reducing the immune response eg anti TNF a or Caspase Inhibitors have beenshown to reduce depression. Rituximab which is an antibody that targets and depletes Bcells in the treatment of RhA also reduces depression.Aspirin can reduce depression but can also reduce the effect of an SSRI.